Some inventions and Inventors

Inventor	Inventions	Year	Country
Johannes Gutenberg	Printing Press	1440	Germany
Heinrich Rudolph Hertz	Electromagnetic theory of light and electromagnetic waves. Radio and electrical frequencies (Hz)	1880s	Germany
Wilhelm Conrad Röntgen	Electro Magnetic Radiations or X-Ray	1895	Germany
Alfred Nobel	Dynamite	1867	Sweden
Eli Whitney	Milling machine and cotton gin	1793	America
Mary Anderson	Windshield wipers	1903	America
Wilber and Orville Wright (Wright Brothers)	Airplanes	1903	America
Archimedes	Archimedes screw, a device used to raise the water level, explained the principle behind levers, Archimedes principle, accurate value of the 'pi' and many more	3rd century B.C.	Greece
Richard G. Drew	Adhesive tape	1923	America
Peter Henlein	Pocket watch	1504-1508	Germany
Sir Isaac Newton	Discovered gravity and also invented the reflecting telescope	1668	England
John Napier	Logarithms, Napier Bones and decimal point	1590s	Scotland
Jacques Yves Cousteau and Emile Gagnan	Aqualungs	1943	France (Emile was a French Canadian)
Thomas Newcomen	Atmospheric steam engine	1710	England
Karl Friedrich von Drais	Bicycle, typewriter with keyboard and wood saving cooker	1820s	Germany
Alexander Graham Bell	Telephone	1875	Scotland
Willis Carrier	Air conditioner	1914	America
Jean Nollet (Also known as Abbe Nollet)	Electroscope	1748	France
Ransome Eli Olds	Assembly line	1901	America
Earle Dickson	Band Aid	1920	America
James Naismith	Basketball	1891	Canada
Levi Strauss	Blue jeans	1873	Germany/USA
Louis Braille	Braille for the blind	1829	France
Robert Wilhelm Bunsen	Bunsen burner	1855	Germany
Alfred Mosher Butts	Scrabble	1938	America
Sir Humphrey Davy	Miner's safety lamp or the Davy lamp	1815	England
Charles Richter	Richter magnitude scale for measuring earthquake	1935	America
Heinrich Göbel	Incandescent light bulb	1890s	Germany/America
Jesse Langsdorf	Neck tie	1920	America
Thomas Edison	Phonograph and electric light bulb	1877 and 1879 (respectively)	America
Benjamin Franklin	Lighting rod, bifocals, Franklin stove, glass armonica, swim fins, urinary catheter and also the carriage odometer	1950s	America
Rudolf Christian Karl Diesel	Diesel engine	1890s	Germany
Otto von Guericke	Air pump or vacuum pump	1650	Germany
Galileo Galilei	Geometric compass, better 30X magnification telescope, 'invented' that the su nwas the center of the solar system and not the earth	1590s onwards	Italy
Nikola Tesla	AC motor and transformer, vacuum tube amplifier, Tesla coil, X-Ray technology	1880s	Austria/America
Chester Carlson	Xerography photocopying	1937-38	America
Jacques Edwin Brandenberger	Cellophane	1908	Switzerland
Ruth Wakefield	Chocolate chips and chocolate chip cookies	1930	America
Leonardo da Vinci	Lens grinding machine, parachute, Strut bridge, automatic bobbin winder, and also machine for testing tensile strength of wires	1500s	Italy
Abd al-Latif al Baghadadi	Ventilator	1162-1231	Iraq/Egypt
Jagdish Chandra Bose	Crescograph	1920s	India
C ai Lun	Paper and paper making process	105 AD	China
Evgeniy Chertovsky	Pressure suit	1931	Russia
Dr. John Stith Pemberton	Coca Cola	1886	America
Zacharias Janssen	Compound microscope	1595	Holland
Arthur Wynne	Crossword puzzle	1913	England
Charles Richard Drew	Blood bank	-	America
Thomas Davenport	Electric streetcar	1834	America
Lala Balhumal Lahuri	Seamless globe, celestial globe	Late 1842	Mughal India
Shanti Swarup Bhatnagar and K.N. Mathur	Bhatnagar-Mathur Magnetic Interference Balance	1928	India
Jesse W. Reno	Escalator	1891	America
Lewis E. Waterman	Fountain pen	1884	America
Dr. Joseph-Ignace Guillotin	Guillotin	1790s	France
Elias Howe	Sewing machine	1846	America
Ida Henrietta Hyde	Micro electrode	1930s	America
Charles Mackintosh	Waterproof raincoat and life vest	1820s	Scotland
Edwin Beard Budding	Lawn mower	1830	England
Garrett Augustus Morgan	Traffic signal, gas mask and several other things	-	African-American
Louis Pasteur	Pasteurization	Late 19th century	France

Science fast facts

Music was sent down a telephone line for the first time in 1876, the year the phone was invented.

Sound travels through water 3 times faster than through air.

A square piece of dry paper cannot be folded in half more than 7 times.

Air becomes liquid at about minus 190 degrees Celsius.

Liquid air looks like water with a bluish tint.

A scientific satellite needs only 250 watts of power, the equivalent used by two hour light bulbs, to operate.

The thin line of cloud that forms behind an aircraft at high altitudes is called a contrail.

Radio waves travel so much faster than sound waves that a broadcast voice can be heard sooner 18,000 km away than in the back of the room in which it originated.

A US ton is equivalent to 900 kg (2000 pounds). A British ton is 1008 kg (2240 pounds), called a gross ton.

Industrial hemp contains less than 1% of THC, the psychoactive component of marijuana.

Since space is essentially empty it cannot carry sound. Therefor there is no sound in space, at least not the sort of sound that we are used to.

The Space Shuttle always rolls over after launch to alleviate structural loading, allowing the shuttle to carry more mass into orbit.

The word “biology” was coined in 1805 by Jean-Baptiste Lamarck.

Most of the air is about 78% nitrogen gas. Only 21% consists of oxygen. The remaining 1% consists of carbon dioxide, argon, neon, helium, krypton, hydrogen, xenon and ozone.

Argon is used to fill the space in most light bulbs. Neon is used in fluorescent signs. Fluorescent lights are filled with mercury gas.

Hydrogen gas is the least dense substance in the world.

Water expands by about 9% as it freezes.

The surface of hot water freezes faster than cold water but the rest of the water will remain liquid longer than in a cold sample.

The smallest transistor is 50-nanometres wide – roughly 1/2000 the width of a human hair.

A compass does not point to the geographical North or South Pole, but to the magnetic poles.

The double-helix structure of DNA was discovered in 1953 by James Watson and Francis Crick. The length of a single human DNA molecule, when extended, is 1.7 metres (5 ft 5 in).

In a desert, a mirage is caused when air near the ground is hotter than air higher up. As light from the sun passes from cooler to warmer air, it speeds up and is refracted upward, creating the image of water.

The typical bolt of lightning heats the atmosphere to 50,000 degrees Fahrenheit.

An electric oven uses one kilowatt-hour of electricity in about 20 minutes, but one kilowatt-hour will power a TV for 3 hours, run a 100-watt bulb for 12 hours, and keep an electric clock ticking for 3 months.

See: Science fast facts

who invented the envelope?

Envelopes originally were intended to protect important documents and shield them from prying eyes. Like writing materials, they were made of cloth, animal skins, or vegetable reeds. The Babylonians used a thin sheet of clay that was wrapped around a message, crimped together, and baked.
With the advent of postal service, envelopes acquired yet another purpose. An enterprising Frenchman named De Valayer in 1653 obtained permission from King Louis SIV to establish a postal system in Paris. He set up boxes at strategic corners and announced that he was prepared to deliver any letters placed in them if they were enclosed in envelopes that he alone sold. The scheme failed, but only because an enemy of De Valayer’s began posting live mice in his boxes.

Early in the 19th century, postal authorities in England faced another problem. Because the recipient of a letter paid the postage, correspondents learned to transmit brief messages (“Arrived safely. Returning Thursday.”) by means of prearranged envelope markings. The addressee would decipher the code, hand the letter back to the postman, and refuse to pay. Postage stamps were designed to put an end to this game.

In a modest way, envelopes have experienced their share of technological refinement. First came the gummed flap, then the see-through window, then the tamper-proof closure and pressure-sensitive seal. Most recently, a chemical company introduced envelopes made of “spunbonded olefin.” The substance looks like paper, and can be written on like paper, but it is lighter than paper, insensitive to water and chemicals, and virtually impossible to tear.

Self Trust: The secret to success

 
Secret to Success

A young man asked Socrates the secret to success. Socrates told the young man to meet him near the river the next morning .They met. Socrates asked the young man to walk with him toward the river. When the water got up to their neck, Socrates took the young man by surprise and ducked him into the water. The boy struggled to get out but Socrates was strong and kept him there until the boy started turning blue.

Socrates pulled his head out of the water and the first thing the young man did was to gasp and take a deep breath of air. Socrates asked: " What did you want the most when you were there?" The boy replied: "Air." Socrates said: "That is the secret to success. When you want success as badly as you wanted the air, then you will get it. There is no other secret.
 
DID YOU KNOW?
 
·         Tuesday is considered as the most productive day of the week.
·         People with blue eyes see better in dark.
·         Most lipsticks contain fish scales.
·         By raising your legs slowly and lying on your back, you can’t sink in quicksand.
·         Donald Duck comics were banned in Finland because he doesn’t wear pants.

Curious origin of words

Carat: The word carat, a measure of weight for precious stones,derives derives from the carob bean, which grows on the Ceratonia siliqua tree. The bean is remarkable for its consistent weight of 0.2 gram; therefore there are approximately 142 carats, or carob beans, to the ounce ( one ounce equals 28.35 gram). One carat is divided into 100 points, with each point equivalent to the weight of of only about three breaf crumbs. 
Disaster and Influenza: At one time it was beleived that most events on earth were contro;;ed by stars. A disaster was was thus an unfortunate occurence attributed to the unfavorable aspect of a star (astrum in Latin means a star); influenza, likewise, was a disease resulting from the influence of the stars,The words first use in English was in 1743 in the London Magazine which reported "news from Rome of a contagious Distemper raging ther, called influenza."
Normal:The Latin normalis meant that against a capenters square, or norma. So anything that had its trueness verified was held to be normal.
Spoof: The Victorian era was thr golden age of the parlor game, and spoof was one of them: a hoaxing game invented in the 1880's by a British comedian, Arthur Roberts. The word soon came to mean any amusing prank or parody.
Tabloid: The British drug company Burroughs, Wellcome & Co. registered the trade mark Tabloid on March 14, 1884. Derived fro the word tablet, it was originally applied to various concentrated types of drugs market by the firm.
By the end of the 19th century, the word had acquired a secondary meaning: almost anything small and compressed came to be called tabloid. The phrase"tabloid journalism" which descibed small_ format newspapers ( as contrasted with large " broadsheet" papers), became so established that by 1903 Burrioughs Wellcome & Co. instigated legal proceedings in an attempt to protect the  trademark.  It was concluded that the independent use of tabloid had become so much a part of the language that no damaging infringement could be claimed. Since then, the media usage has superseded the first meaning of the word.