Nobel Prizes are normally given for discoveries rather than inventions. A discovery has been described as an abstract theory, which may further lead to an invention. Inventions are a process, more concrete and have a utilitarian purpose. This list looks at some of the fantastic discoveries that have been made by scientists and thinkers over several decades of hard work.
Albert Einstein – He won the Physics Nobel Prize in 1921 for his “discovery of the law of photoelectrical effect”. The actual discovery may not have touched our lives but without it many of the modern day electronics would not have come into existence.
3. Luis Walter Alvarez – He won the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1968, and had over 50 patents in his name. His most famous and useful invention was the radio distance and direction indicator. His invention of the hydrogen bubble chamber was used to detect subatomic particles and this further led to a major change in nuclear theories.
4. Frederick Banting - A 1923 Nobel Prize winner in medicine, he discovered insulin and the role that it played in treating diabetes. With his colleagues, he then invented means of extracting and isolating insulin, and administering it to diabetes patients.
5. Jack S. Kilby - A scientist who won the Physics Nobel Prize in 2000, Kilby is best known as the inventor of the handheld calculator and the thermal printer. His monolithic integrated circuit is one of the most widely used applications in electronic circuitry.
6. Baruch S Blumberg – In 1963 Blumberg discovered an antigen to detect the presence of Hepatitis B in blood samples. His invention of the test to isolate this virus, is used extensively even today, and it has led to a significant decrease in Hepatitis B infections after blood transfusions. He also jointly developed a vaccine against this virus.
7. Arthur Schawlow – Along with Charles Townes he was the co-inventor of the Laser. Today various fields such as defence and communication and medicine rely upon Laser techniques to make their jobs easier. They received a patent for the laser in 1960 and within a few years it was being commonly used by eye-surgeons for minute, precise surgery.
8. John Bardeen & William B Shockley & Walter Brattain – These three shared the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1956 for inventing the transistor – a device that could amplify electrical current. Bardeen won the Nobel Prize a second time 1972 for his work on superconductivity. Modern computer technology electronics and microchip owe a lot to these three scientists.
9. Nils Gustaf Dalen – He was awarded the Nobel Prize for his “invention of automatic regulators for use in conjunction with gas accumulators for illuminating lighthouses and bouys.” He was also the inventor of the AGA cooker and of the Dalen Light.
10. Irving Langmuir – An American physicist and chemist, Irving Langmuir is renowned for inventing the gas filled incandescent lamp and for the high-vacuum electron tube. The incandescent lamps are now being phased out, but for many years they were used for households and commercial areas and for cars and advertising sites.
The blog is mainly a general knowledge page for all age groups who are interested in improving their knowledge. I have tried to make the explanations as simple as I can. I have made use of tht for gathering the facts.
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Monday, September 26, 2011
Food Preservation. Can Openers and Canned Beer
British merchant Peter Durand made an impact on food preservation with his 1810 patenting of the tin can. In 1813, John Hall and Bryan Dorkin opened the first commercial canning factory in England. In 1846, Henry Evans invents a machine that can manufacture tin cans at a rate of sixty per hour. An significant increase over the previous rate of only six per hour.
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First Patented Can Opener
The first tin cans were so thick they had to be hammered open. As cans became thinner, it became possible to invent dedicated can openers. In 1858, Ezra Warner of Waterbury, Connecticut patented the first can opener. The U.S. military used it during the Civil War. In 1866, J. Osterhoudt patented the tin can with a key opener that you can find on sardine cans.William Lyman - Classic Can Opener
The inventor of the familiar household can opener was William Lyman. William Lyman patented a very easy to use can opener in 1870. The kind with the wheel that rolls and cuts around the rim of a can. The Star Can Company of San Francisco improved William Lyman's can opener in 1925 by adding a serrated edge to the wheel. An electric version of the same type of can opener was first sold in December of 1931.Beer in a Can
On January 24, 1935, the first canned beer, "Krueger Cream Ale," was sold by the Kruger Brewing Company of Richmond, VA.Pop-Top Can
In 1959, Ermal Fraze invented the pop-top can (or easy-open can) in Kettering, Ohio.Aerosol Spray Cans
The concept of an aerosol originated as early as 1790, when self-pressurized carbonated beverages were introduced in France.Erik Rotheim
On November 23, 1927, Norwegian engineer Erik Rotheim (also spelled Eric Rotheim) patented the first aerosol can and valve that could hold and dispense products and propellant systems. This was the forerunner of the modern aerosol can and valve. In 1998, the Norwegian post office issued a stamp celebrating the Norwegian invention of the spray can.
On November 23, 1927, Norwegian engineer Erik Rotheim (also spelled Eric Rotheim) patented the first aerosol can and valve that could hold and dispense products and propellant systems. This was the forerunner of the modern aerosol can and valve. In 1998, the Norwegian post office issued a stamp celebrating the Norwegian invention of the spray can.
Photo courtesy Eric Rotheim's original aerosol-can patent includes the same basic elements found in cans today. |
Lyle Goodhue and William Sullivan
During World War II, the U.S. government funded research into a portable way for service men to spray malaria-carrying bugs. Department of Agriculture researchers, Lyle Goodhue and William Sullivan, developed a small aerosol can pressurized by a liquefied gas (a fluorocarbon) in 1943. It was their design that made products like hair spray possible, along with the work of another inventor Robert Abplanalp.
During World War II, the U.S. government funded research into a portable way for service men to spray malaria-carrying bugs. Department of Agriculture researchers, Lyle Goodhue and William Sullivan, developed a small aerosol can pressurized by a liquefied gas (a fluorocarbon) in 1943. It was their design that made products like hair spray possible, along with the work of another inventor Robert Abplanalp.
Robert Abplanalp – Valve Crimp
In 1949, 27-year-old Robert H. Abplanalp’s invention of a crimp on valve enabled liquids to be sprayed from a can under the pressure of an inert gas. Spray cans, mainly containing insecticides, were available to the public in 1947 as a result of their use by U.S. soldiers for preventing insect-borne diseases. Abplanalp’s invention made of lightweight aluminum made the cans a cheap and practical way to dispense liquids foams, powders, and creams. In 1953, Robert Abplanal patented his crimp-on valve “for dispensing gases under pressure.” His Precision Valve Corporation was soon earning over $100 million manufacturing one billion aerosol cans annually in the United States and one-half billion in 10 other countries.
In 1949, 27-year-old Robert H. Abplanalp’s invention of a crimp on valve enabled liquids to be sprayed from a can under the pressure of an inert gas. Spray cans, mainly containing insecticides, were available to the public in 1947 as a result of their use by U.S. soldiers for preventing insect-borne diseases. Abplanalp’s invention made of lightweight aluminum made the cans a cheap and practical way to dispense liquids foams, powders, and creams. In 1953, Robert Abplanal patented his crimp-on valve “for dispensing gases under pressure.” His Precision Valve Corporation was soon earning over $100 million manufacturing one billion aerosol cans annually in the United States and one-half billion in 10 other countries.
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