Basic Forces in Nature

Basic Forces in Nature

Following Four Basic Forces operate in all natural processes:

1. Gravitation Forces
2. Weak Force
3. Electromagnetic Force
4. Strong Forces

1. Gravitation Forces

• It is the force of attraction between two masses.
• It is always attractive in nature; hence sometimes it is taken with negative sign.
  • It is a long range force, i.e., it can extend up to infinity.
  • It follows inverse square law i.e., F ∞ 1 / r2.
  • It is assumed to be created by a particle called gravitation.
  • It is central force and hence, it is conservative in nature.
  • It is the weakest force.
    
    

  2. Weak Force in Physics
  

  
  

  a) It is the force associated with beta - decay in radioactivity.

  b) During beta - decay, following reaction takes place.

  
  

  0n1 ⇒ β- + 1P1 + γ Neutron   Beta Particle or Electron   Proton   Antineutrino

  
  

  Since, neutrino is a chargeless - massless particle, therefore during beta - decay, the electron and antineutrino interact with each other through very weak forces.

  c) Moreover, the leptons interact with Leptons, Baryons or Mesons through these weak forces.

  
  

  3. Electromagnetic Force Physics
  

  a) Force between two static charges is called electrostatic force.

  b) A moving charge produces both magnetic and electric fields.

  The charged particle moving in magnetic field experiences a force called electromagnetic force comprising of electrostatic as well as magnetic forces.

  
  

  c) Electromagnetic force bears following properties:

  1. It may be attractive or repulsive in nature.
  2. It is created due to exchange of photons.
  3. It is long range force.
  4. It is 10¹¹ time stronger than weak forces and 10³⁶ times stronger than the gravitational force.
  5. It is central and conservative force.
  6. 
     

  4. Strong Forces (Nuclear Force)
  

  1. It is the force of nuclear origin.
  2. It is basically attractive in nature.
  3. It is short range force and is operative only inside the nucleus (i.e., for distance = 10^-14 m)
  4. They are produced by the exchange of mesons between the nucleons (neutron & proton).
  5. It is not a central force.
  6. It is the strongest force acting in nature. The relative strengths of the gravitational force, the weak force, the electromagnetic force and the strong nuclear force are :
     
     

     Fg : Fw : Fe : Fn :: 1 : 1025 : 1036 : 1038

SOBRIQUESTS

PRIMARY NAMES	SOBRIQUETS
Aberdeen, Scotland	The Granite City
Africa	The Dark Continent
Amristsar, India	The City of the Golden Temple
Atlantic Ocean	The Herring Pond
Australia	The Land of the Golden Fleece, The Land of the Kangaroo
Bab-el-mandab	The Gate of Tears
Banrain	Island of Pearls
Bangalore, India	The Garden City of India
Belgium	The Cockpit of Europe
Belgtade, Yugoslavia	White City
Bombay, India	The Gateway of India
Broadway, New York	The Great White Way
Burma (Mayanmar)	The Land of the Golden Pagoda
Calcutta, India	The City of Palaces
Canada	The Land of Lilies, The Land of Maple
Chicago, USA	Windy City
Cochin, India	The Venice of the East, The Queen of the Arabian Sea
Cuba	The Pearl of the Antilles
Egypt	The Gift of the Nile
Finland	The Land of Thousand Lakes
Gibraltar	The key of the Mediterranean
Guinea Coast	White Man's Grave
River Hwang Ho, china	The Sorrow of China
Ireland	The Emerald Island
Jaipur	The Rose Pink City