13 Dec in Histiry.

. On this day... December 13: Saint Lucy's Day; Republic Day in Malta (1974) 1643 – First English Civil War: Parliamentary forces serving under SirWilliam Waller led a successful surprise attack on a winter garrison of Royalist infantry and cavalry. 1809 – American physician Ephraim McDowell performed the world's first removal of an ovarian tumor. 1937 – Second Sino-Japanese War: Japanese forces captured Nanjing in China and then began to commit numerous atrocities over the next several weeks, such as looting, rape and the execution of prisoners of war and civilians. 1960 – With Emperor of Ethiopia Haile Selassie out of the country, four conspirators staged a coup attempt and installed Crown Prince Asfaw Wossen as the new Emperor. Haile Selassie I Haile Selassie I Amha Selassie Amha Selassie I Emperor-in-exile of Ethiopia Spouse Medferiashwork Abebe Issue Princess Ijigayehu Princess Maryam Senna Princess Sehin Azebe Princess Sifrash Bizu Crown Prince Zera Yacob House House of Solomon Father Haile Selassie I Mother Menen Asfaw Born 27 July 1916 Governors Palace, Harrar Died 17 February 1997 (aged 80) McLean, Virginia, US Religion Ethiopian Orthodox Tewahedo 1981 – Polish Prime Minister Wojciech Jaruzelski (pictured) declared martial law, suspended Solidarity and imprisoned many union leaders.