Bharat Ratna Awards |  |
Established: By the President of India, 2 January 1954. The regulations were revised 8 January 1955 (to alter the design) and amended 26 January 1957 (to alter the depiction of the devices on the obverse and reverse). From 13 July 1977 to 26 January 1980, awards of the Bharat Ratna were suspended.
Obverse: A toned bronze pipal leaf design, 2-5/16 inches x 1-7/8 inches, "stem" downwards. (note, however, comments on the original design, above.) In the center, a platinum sunburst with the name of the decoration in silver-gilt in Sanskrit/Hindi "Bharat Ratna" (roughly, "Jewel of India") below. In 1957, the sun and motto were changed to burnished bronze. Worn around the neck from an oval suspender. Worn around the neck from an oval suspender.
Reverse: In the center, the state emblem in platinum and the motto in silver-gilt. In 1957, this was altered to burnished bronze.
Ribbon: 2 inches, white moire.
Awards: To date, there have been thirty-three recipients of the Bharat Ratna, and many other names have been raised in public discussion.
The provision of Bharat Ratna was introduced in 1954. The first ever Indian to receive this award was the famous scientist, Chandrasekhara Venkata Raman. Since then, many dignitaries, each a whiz in varied aspects of their career has received this coveted award. In fact, our present President, Shri A. P. J Abdul Kalam is also a recipient of this esteemed honour (1997). There is no written provision that Bharat Ratna should be awarded to Indian citizens only. The award has been awarded to a naturalized Indian citizen, Agnes Gonxha Bojaxhiu, better known as Mother Teresa (1980) and to two non-Indians – Khan Abdul Ghaffar Khan and Nelson Mandela (1990). It is also not mandatory that Bharat Ratna be awarded every year. The last time Bharat Ratna Award was given in 2001, to Lata Dinanath Mangeshkar and Ustad Bismillah Khan.
List of Bharat Ratna Award Winners
| Name of Recipients | Year | Name of Recipients | Year |
| C Rajagopalachari (1878-1972) | 1954 | Dr. Sarvepalli Radhakrishnan (1888-1975) | 1954 |
| Dr. C.V. Raman (1888-1970) | 1954 | Dr. Bhagwan Das (1869-1958) | 1955 |
| Dr. M. Visvesvaraya (1861-1962) | 1955 | Jawaharlal Nehru (1889-1964) | 1955 |
| Govind Ballabh Pant (1887-1961) | 1957 | Dr. Dhondo Keshave Karve (1858-1962) | 1958 |
| Dr. Bidhan Chandra Roy (1882-1962) | 1961 | Purushottam Das Tandon (1882-1962) | 1961 |
| Dr. Rajendra Prasad (1884-1963) | 1962 | Dr. Zakir Hussain (1897-1969) | 1963 |
| Dr. Pandurang Vaman Kane (1880-1972) | 1963 | Lal Bahadur Shastri (1904-1966) (Posthumous)) | 1966 |
| Indira Gandhi (1917-1984) | 1971 | Varahagiri Venkatagiri (V.V. Giri) (1 884-1980) | 1975 |
| Kumaraswami Kamraj (1903-1975) (Posthumous) | 1976 | Mother Teresa (1910-1997) | 1980 |
| Acharya Vinobha Bhave (1895-1982) | 1983 | Khan Abdul Ghaffar Khan (1890-1988) | 1987 |
| Marudu Gopalan Ramachandran (1917-1987) (Posthumous) | 1988 | Dr. Bhim Rao Ramji (B.R) Ambedkar (1891-1956) (Posthumous) | 1990 |
| Dr. Nelson Rolihlahla Mandela (1918- ) | 1990 | Rajiv Gandhi (1944-1991) (Posthumous) | 1991 |
| Sardar Vallabhai Patel (1875-1950) | 1991 | Morarji Ranchhodji Desai (1869-1995) | 1991 |
| Maulana Abul Kalam Azad (1888-1958) (Posthumous) | 1992 | Jahangir Ratanji Dadabhai (J.R.D) Tata (1904-1993) | 1992 |
| Satyajit Ray (1922-1992) | 1992 | Aruna Asaf Ali (1909-1996) (Posthumous) | 1997 |
| Gulzari Lal Nanda (1898-1997) (Posthumous) | 1997 | Dr. Avul Pakir Jainulabdeen Abdul Kalam (1931-) | 1997 |
| Madurai Shanmukhavadivu (M.S) Subbalakshmi (1916- ) | 1998 | Chidambaram Subramaniam (1910-2000) | 1998 |
| Loknayak Jayaprakash Narayan ( 1902-1979) (Posthumous) | 1999 | Professor Amartya Sen (1933- ) | 1999 |
| Lokpriya Gopinath Bordoloi (1890-1950) (Posthumous) | 1999 | Pandit Ravi Shankar (1920-) | 1999 |
| Lata Mangeshkar (1929- ) | 2001 | Bissmillah Khan (1916- ) | 2001 |
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