Air Conditioning Invented..1931..Source. The net.

The term "air conditioning" was first used by American physicist Stuart W. Cramer in 1907 - years before a practical air conditioning system was invented. The American inventor Willis Carrier (1876-1950) invented air conditioning in 1911, and commercial air conditioners were produced in 1914.

A patent request was filed in 1931 by H.H. Schultz and J.Q. Sherman for an air conditioner to be placed on window ledges. Room air conditioners were available for home use in 1932, but economic constraints arising from the depression and World War II, together with the uneven spread of electrical power distribution systems, prevented widespread use until after the war.

The Father of Cool
Willis Haviland Carrier - The History of Air Conditioning
Willis Haviland Carrier Recommended Reading on Air Conditioning • The History of Air Conditioning Related Innovations • The History of the Refrigerator • Home Innovations • Kitchen Appliances By Mary Bellis "I fish only for edible fish, and hunt only for edible game even in the laboratory." - Willis Haviland Carrier on being practical. In 1902, only one year after Willis Haviland Carrier graduated from Cornell University with a Masters in Engineering, the first air (temperature and humidity) conditioning was in operation, making one Brooklyn printing plant owner very happy. Fluctuations in heat and humidity in his plant had caused the dimensions of the printing paper to keep altering slightly, enough to ensure a misalignment of the colored inks. The new air conditioning machine created a stable environment and aligned four-color printing became possible. All thanks to the new employee at the Buffalo Forge Company, who started on a salary of only $10.00 per week. The 'Apparatus for Treating Air' (U.S. Pat# 808897) granted in 1906, was the first of several patents awarded to Willis Haviland Carrier. The recognized 'father of air conditioning' is Carrier, but the term 'air conditioning' actually originated with textile engineer, Stuart H. Cramer. Cramer used the phrase 'air conditioning' in a 1906 patent claim filed for a device that added water vapor to the air in textile plants - to condition the yarn. In 1911, Willis Haviland Carrier disclosed his basic Rational Psychrometric Formulae to theAmerican Society of Mechanical Engineers. The formula still stands today as the basis in all fundamental calculations for the air conditioning industry. Carrier said he received his 'flash of genius' while waiting for a train. It was a foggy night and he was going over in his mind the problem of temperature and humidity control. By the time the train arrived, Carrier had an understanding of the relationship between temperature, humidity and dew point. Industries flourished with the new ability to control the temperature and humidity levels during and after production. Film, tobacco, processed meats, medical capsules, textiles and other products acquired significant improvements in quality with air conditioning. Willis and six other engineers formed the Carrier Engineering Corporation in 1915 with a starting capital of $35,000 (1995 sales topped $5 billion). The company was dedicated to improving air conditioning technology. In 1921, Willis Haviland Carrier patented the centrifugal refrigeration machine. The 'centrifugal chiller' was the first practical method of air conditioning large spaces. Previous refrigeration machines used reciprocating-compressors (piston-driven) to pump refrigerant (often toxic and flammable ammonia) throughout the system. Carrier designed a centrifugal-compressor similar to the centrifugal turning-blades of a water pump. The result was a safer and more efficient chiller. Photo: Early home unit Cooling for human comfort, rather than industrial need, began in 1924, noted by the three Carrier centrifugal chillers installed in the J.L. Hudson Department Store in Detroit, Michigan. Shoppers flocked to the 'air conditioned' store. The boom in human cooling spread from the department stores to the movie theaters, most notably the Rivoli theater in New York, whose summer film business skyrocketed when it heavily advertised the cool comfort. Demand increased for smaller units and the Carrier Company obliged. In 1928, Willis Haviland Carrier developed the first residential 'Weathermaker', an air conditioner for private home use. The Great Depression and then WW2 slowed the non-industrial use of air conditioning. After the war, consumer sales started to grow again. The rest is history, cool and comfortable history. Willis Haviland Carrier did not invent the very first system to cool an interior structure, however, his system was the first truly successful and safe one that started the science of modern air conditioning. You can read about the earlier history of air conditioning in the recommended reading material listed in the left sidebar. Special thanks given to the Carrier Corporation

History of Space travel.1957-2003

A Brief History: Space Exploration

As often happens in science, the earliest practical work on rocket engines designed for spaceflight occurred simultaneously during the early 20th century in three countries by three key scientists: in Russia, by Konstantin Tsiolkovski; in the United States, by Robert Goddard; and in Germany, by Hermann Oberth. In the 1930s and 1940s Nazi Germany saw the possibilities of using long-distance rockets as weapons. Late in World War II, London was attacked by 200-mile-range “V-2” missiles, which arched 60 miles high over the English Channel from Germany at more than 3,500 miles per hour.

After World War II, the United States and the Soviet Union created their own missile programs. On October 4, 1957, the Soviets launched the first artificial satellite, Sputnik 1, into space. Four years later on April 12, 1961, Russian Lt. Yuri Gagarin became the first human to orbit Earth in Vostok 1. His flight lasted 108 minutes, and Gagarin reached an altitude of 327 kilometers (about 202 miles).

The first U.S. satellite, Explorer 1, went into orbit on January 31, 1958. In 1961 Alan Shepard became the first American to fly into space. On February 20, 1962, John Glenn’s historic flight made him the first American to orbit Earth.

“Landing a man on the moon and returning him safely to Earth within a decade” was a national goal set by President John F. Kennedy in 1961. On July 20, 1969, Astronaut Neil Armstrong took “a giant step for mankind” as he stepped onto the moon. Six Apollo missions were made to explore the moon between 1969 and 1972.

During the 1960s unmanned spacecraft photographed and probed the moon before astronauts ever landed. By the early 1970s orbiting communications and navigation satellites were in everyday use, and the Mariner spacecraft was orbiting and mapping the surface of Mars. By the end of the decade, the Voyager spacecraft had sent back detailed images of Jupiter and Saturn, their rings, and their moons.

Skylab, America’s first space station, was a human-spaceflight highlight of the 1970s, as was the Apollo Soyuz Test Project, the world’s first internationally crewed (American and Russian) space mission.

In the 1980s satellite communications expanded to carry television programs, and people were able to pick up the satellite signals on their home dish antennas. Satellites discovered an ozone hole over Antarctica, pinpointed forest fires, and gave us photographs of the nuclear power-plant disaster at Chernobyl in 1986. Astronomical satellites found new stars and gave us a new view of the center of our galaxy.

In April 1981 the launch of the space shuttle Columbia ushered in a period of reliance on the reusable shuttle for most civilian and military space missions. Twenty-four successful shuttle launches fulfilled many scientific and military requirements until January 1986, when the shuttle Challenger exploded after launch, killing its crew of seven.

The Challenger tragedy led to a reevaluation of America’s space program. The new goal was to make certain a suitable launch system was available when satellites were scheduled to fly. Today this is accomplished by having more than one launch method and launch facility available and by designing satellite systems to be compatible with more than one launch system.

The Gulf War proved the value of satellites in modern conflicts. During this war allied forces were able to use their control of the “high ground” of space to achieve a decisive advantage. Satellites were used to provide information on enemy troop formations and movements, early warning of enemy missile attacks, and precise navigation in the featureless desert terrain. The advantages of satellites allowed the coalition forces to quickly bring the war to a conclusion, saving many lives.

Space systems will continue to become more and more integral to homeland defense, weather surveillance, communication, navigation, imaging, and remote sensing for chemicals, fires and other disasters.

The International Space Station is now in orbit and permanently crewed. With many different partners contributing to its design and construction, this high-flying laboratory has become a symbol of cooperation in space exploration, with former competitors now working together.

And while the space shuttle will likely continue to carry out important space missions, particularly supporting the International Space Station, the Columbia disaster in 2003 signaled the need to step up the development of its replacement. Future space launch systems will be designed to reduce costs and improve dependability, safety, and reliability. In the meantime most U.S. military and scientific satellites will be launched into orbit by a family of expendable launch vehicles designed for a variety of missions. Other nations have their own launch systems, and there is strong competition in the commercial launch market to develop the next generation of launch systems.

1 1993..An austrunaut repairng the space ship.

 Hubble telescope.

 Telescope made by Sir Issac Newton continues to be improved.

Chandra Observatory.The telescope was named after the great astrophysicist Subrahmanyan Chandrasekhar.

INTERNATIONAL SPACE STATION..THE SOYUZ22. Nov 2011

Soyuz TMA-22 Союз ТМА-22
Mission insignia
Mission statistics
Mission name	Soyuz TMA-22 Союз ТМА-22
Crew size	3
Call sign	Astraeus
Launch date	14 November 2011[1] 04:14:03 GMT
Landing	16 March 2012 (planned)
Crew photo
From left to right: Daniel C. Burbank, Anton Shkaplerov and Anatoli Ivanishin
Related missions
Previous mission Subsequent mission  Soyuz TMA-02M  Soyuz TMA-03M

Soyuz TMA-22 is a current flight to the International Space Station (ISS). TMA-22 was the 111th flight of a Soyuz spacecraft, and transported three members of the Expedition 29 crew to the ISS. The spacecraft docked to the ISS on 16 November 2011 and will most likely remain docked throughout the Expedition 29 increment to serve as an emergency escape vehicle.

TMA-22 was the final flight of a Soyuz-TMA vehicle, following its replacement by the modernized TMA-M series.^[3] The launch of Soyuz TMA-22 was originally scheduled for 30 September 2011, but was delayed until 14 November following the launch failure of the Progress M-12M resupply vehicle on 24 August 2011.

Soyuz TMA-22 was the first manned mission to dock with the ISS since the retirement of the American Space Shuttle fleet at the end of the STS-135mission in July 2011.

[edit]Crew

The Soyuz TMA-22 crew members pose for pictures in front of the Tsar Cannon at the Kremlin on 24 October 2011.

Position	Crew Member
Commander	Anton Shkaplerov Expedition 29 First spaceflight
Flight Engineer 1	Anatoli Ivanishin Expedition 29 First spaceflight
Flight Engineer 2	Daniel C. Burbank, NASA Expedition 29 Third spaceflight

Mission profile

Rescheduling of launch

Soyuz TMA-22's launch was rescheduled from late September 2011 to 14 November, due to the failed launch of the Progress M-12M cargo spacecraft on 24 August 2011. The incident, caused by a blocked fuel line leading to the gas generator of the Soyuz-U booster’s third-stage RD-0110 engine, resulted in a suspension of all Russian crewed spaceflights, due to the similar third stage in use on the crewed Soyuz-FG booster. A Russian commission blamed the failure on a single human error, and put additional procedures in place to prevent the problem from recurring. On 30 October 2011, Russia successfully launched the Progress M-13M unmanned cargo ship atop the Soyuz-U booster, clearing the way for the Soyuz TMA-22 launch.

Docking

Soyuz TMA-22 docked with the ISS at 05:24 GMT on 16 November 2011, about nine minutes earlier than planned. The spacecraft docked at the MRM-2 Poisk module, while Soyuz TMA-22 and the ISS were flying 400 kilometres (250 mi) above the southern Pacific Ocean. The Soyuz crew entered the ISS at around 6:39 GMT, and were greeted by Expedition 29 crewmembers Mike Fossum,Sergei Volkov and Satoshi Furukawa.

Burbank, Shkaplerov and Ivanishin received congratulatory satellite calls from Russian dignitaries and family members before participating in a safety briefing led by Expedition 29 commander Fossum.

The blackness of space and Earth's horizon provide the backdrop for this image of the docked Soyuz 13 (foreground) and the Progress 22 resupply vehicle. Astronauts photographed the Soyuz from a window on the International Space Station while space shuttle Discovery was docked with the station.

This view of the International Space Station over a blue-and-white Earth was taken shortly after the space shuttle Atlantis undocked from the orbital outpost on September 17, 2006. During its six days on the space station, the Atlantiscrew installed a pair of 240-foot (73-meter) solar wings, attached to a 17.5-ton section of truss with batteries, electronics, and a giant rotating joint. The new solar arrays were designed to double the station's onboard power.

Soyuz TMA-22 Союз ТМА-22
Mission insignia
Mission statistics
Mission name	Soyuz TMA-22 Союз ТМА-22
Crew size	3
Call sign	Astraeus
Launch date	14 November 2011[1] 04:14:03 GMT
Landing	16 March 2012 (planned)
Crew photo
From left to right: Daniel C. Burbank, Anton Shkaplerov and Anatoli Ivanishin
Related missions
Previous mission Subsequent mission  Soyuz TMA-02M  Soyuz TMA-03M

Soyuz TMA-22 is a current flight to the International Space Station (ISS). TMA-22 was the 111th flight of a Soyuz spacecraft, and transported three members of the Expedition 29 crew to the ISS. The spacecraft docked to the ISS on 16 November 2011, and will most likely remain docked throughout the Expedition 29 increment to serve as an emergency escape vehicle.

TMA-22 was the final flight of a Soyuz-TMA vehicle, following its replacement by the modernized TMA-M series.^[3] The launch of Soyuz TMA-22 was originally scheduled for 30 September 2011, but was delayed until 14 November following the launch failure of the Progress M-12M resupply vehicle on 24 August 2011.

Soyuz TMA-22 was the first manned mission to dock with the ISS since the retirement of the American Space Shuttle fleet at the end of the STS-135mission in July 2011.

edit]

[edit]Mission profile

[edit]Rescheduling of launch

Soyuz TMA-22's launch was rescheduled from late September 2011 to 14 November, due to the failed launch of the Progress M-12M cargo spacecraft on 24 August 2011.^[6] The incident, caused by a blocked fuel line leading to the gas generator of the Soyuz-U booster’s third-stage RD-0110 engine, resulted in a suspension of all Russian crewed spaceflights, due to the similar third stage in use on the crewed Soyuz-FG booster.^[7] A Russian commission blamed the failure on a single human error, and put additional procedures in place to prevent the problem from recurring. On 30 October 2011, Russia successfully launched the Progress M-13M unmanned cargo ship atop the Soyuz-U booster, clearing the way for the Soyuz TMA-22 launch.

Harappan Civilisation ca. 3000-1500 BC

One of the most fascinating yet mysterious cultures of the ancient world is the Harappan civilization. This culture existed along the Indus River in present day Pakistan.  It was named after the city of Harappa which it was centered around.  Harappa and the city of Mohenjo-Daro were the greatest achievements of the Indus valley civilization. These cities are well known for their impressive, organized and regular layout. Over one hundred other towns and villages also existed in this region. The Harappan people were literate and used the Dravidian language. Only part of this language has been deciphered today, leaving numerous questions about this civilization unanswered. Back to "Indus Valley Civilization" Chronology Artifacts and clues discovered at Mohenjo-Daro have allowed archaeologists to reconstruct this civilization. The similarities in plan and construction between Mohenjo-Daro and Harappa indicate that they were part of a unified government with extreme organization. Both cities were constructed of the same type and shape of bricks. The two cities may have existed simultaneously and their sizes suggest that they served as capitals of their provinces. In contrast to other civilizations, burials found from these cities are not magnificent; they are more simplistic and contain few material goods. This evidence suggests that this civilization did not have social classes. Remains of palaces or temples in the cities have not been found. No hard evidence exists indicating military activity; it is likely that the Harappans were a peaceful civilization. The cities did contain fortifications and the people used copper and bronze knives, spears, and arrowheads. The Harappan civilization was mainly urban and mercantile. Inhabitants of the Indus valley traded with Mesopotamia, southern India, Afghanistan, and Persia for gold, silver, copper, and turquoise. The Mesopotamian model of irrigated agriculture was used to take advantage of the fertile grounds along the Indus River. Earthlinks were built to control the river's annual flooding. Crops grown included wheat, barley, peas, melons, and sesame. This civilization was the first to cultivate cotton for the production of cloth. Several animals were domesticated including the elephant which was used for its ivory. Most of the artwork from this civilization was small and used as personal possessions. The first objects unearthed from Harappa and Mohenjo-Daro were small stone seals.  These seals were inscribed with elegant portrayals of real and imagined animals and were marked with the Indus script writing.  The seals suggest a symbolic or religious intent. Stone sculptures carved in steatite, limestone, or alabaster depict a male figure who may have represented a god. Pottery figures were shaped into humans and animals. Very few bronze figures have been recovered. The Harappan civilization experienced its height around 2500 BC and began to decline about 2000 BC. The causes of its downfall are not certain. One theory suggests that theAryan people migrated into this area. Aryan religious texts and human remains in Mohenjo-Daro suggest that the Aryans may have violently entered the area, killing its inhabitants and burning the cities. However, another theory supported by more recent evidence suggests that this civilization may have begun to decline before the Aryans arrived. The inhabitants of the Indus valley dispersed before the Aryans slowly entered the area as a nomadic people. The Aryans were then able to take over this area since most of the inhabitants had previously left. One cause of the dispersal of the Harappans could have been a result of agricultural problems. Topsoil erosion, depletion of nutrients from the soil, or a change in the course of the Indus River may have forced these people to leave their towns and move northeastward in search of more fertile land.

Computer Exercises

Exercise While Sitting at Your Computer

Its a problem for everyone, after the computer invaded our lives we spent lot of time working on them. For most office workers, being glued to their desks while typing away at their computers for an average of 10 hours a day is already a part of their normal routine.

However, sitting at the computer all day may not exactly be good for the body, as it can bring about backaches due to poor posture and eye strain, among other effects.On the other hand, being in a desk job does not have to be an ordeal for your health.

If you are one of those people who have to be at a desk all day long, there are some simple steps that you can follow in order to improve your posture and keep your health in check.

Steps

1. Observe the proper sitting posture in a good chair that is designed for desk work. Your back should be straight, your shoulders back, and the top of your monitor should be level with your eyes. If you have to look down or up, then you need to adjust the height of your screen. Also, make sure that your wrists do not lie on the keyboard or on the mouse pad (unless you have a pad with a wrist rest). This will help prevent Carpal Tunnel Syndrome. Keep your legs bent at the knees so that the knees are only slightly higher than your hips. Feet should be flat on the floor or on a step stool of some sort.

2. Do simple stretching exercises. Stretch your arms, legs, neck and torso while sitting. This will help prevent you from feeling stiff.

* Neck: To stretch your neck, slowly flex your head forward/backward, side to side and look right and left. This can be done almost anytime to lessen tension and strain. Never roll your head around your neck. This could cause damage to the joints of the neck.
* Shoulders: Roll your shoulders forward around 10 times, then backward. This helps release the tension off your shoulders.
* Arms and Shoulders: A good stretch for your arms and shoulders is to brace your hands on the edge your desk, each about a shoulder width away from your body. Twist your hands in so they point toward your body and lean forward, hunching your shoulders. Take this a step further and push your shoulders and elbows closer to the desk.
* Wrists: Roll your wrists regularly, around every hour or so. Roll the wrists 10 times clockwise, then 10 times counterclockwise. This will help prevent Carpal Tunnel Syndrome if you spend a lot of time typing.
* Ankles: Roll your ankles regularly. As with your wrists, roll the ankles in a clockwise motion 3 times, then counterclockwise. This helps improve blood circulation, and prevents that tingling feeling you can get when blood circulation is cut off, also known as "Pins and Needles".
* Chest: Notice if you tend to hunch in front of the keyboard. To counter that, perform the following exercise:

Open your arms wide as if you are going to hug someone, rotate your wrists externally (thumbs going up and back) and pull your shoulders back. This stretch is moving your body the opposite way to being hunched and you should feel a good stretch across your upper chest.
* Abdomen: Contract your abdominal and gluteal muscles, hold them there for a few seconds, then release. Repeat this for every few minutes all day long while you are working at your desk. You can also perform Kegels (pelvic floor exercises) while sitting.
* Calves: Stretch your calves. While sitting, lift up your legs on the balls of your feet and set them down. Repeat until your legs are comfortably tired. Repeat after about 10 minutes later, and continue doing this routine for about an hour or so. This will exercise your calves, and will help prevent blood clots from developing in your legs. Blood clots are very common among middle-aged computer users.


3. Stand up every half hour to walk around a bit. This will ensure continuous blood circulation in your arms and legs, and will keep them from getting too strained. Take walks to the water station to refill your glass. If you can afford to take longer breaks, take a short walk outside your building, and use the stairs instead of the elevator to go down. Aside from giving your legs and heart a good workout, you would be able to take in fresh air as well.

4. Give your eyes a break from focusing on your screen. Every 30 minutes or so, shift your focus from the computer screen and scan around other subjects in the room, such as a window, clock, desk, or door. This helps promote eye movement and lessens chances of eye irritation and headaches. Another technique to relax your eyes would be to rub your hands together, then place your cupped hands over your eyes.

5. Take advantage of the downtime created by rebooting or large file downloads. Get up and take short walks around your floor. If you can afford to do it and do not have many co-workers around who would be bothered, try something more ambitious such as doing a few push-ups, sit-ups, and/or jumping jacks.

6. Do exercises with the help of a few tools. Acquire a hand gripper. They are cheap, small and light. When you have to read something either on the screen or on paper, you probably won’t be needing to use your hands very often, so use this opportunity squeeze your gripper.

It is an excellent forearm workout. Acquire an elastic band (also cheap, small and light) and use it to do the actions mentioned above (i.e., when stretching your arms, do it by pulling apart the elastic band). This will stretch and work the muscles slightly.Invest in a large size stability ball or stability ball-style desk chair, and sit on it with back straight and abs firm.

You burn calories stabilizing your core and body on the ball. While an actual stability ball is more effective, the chair is a more viable option to use in an office environment. While sitting or talking on the phone, you can bounce or do basic toning exercises. Use the actual ball form in moderation when typing, as this is probably not the most supportive seating to prevent carpal tunnel and tendinitis.

7. Take a few deep breaths. To work your abdominal muscles, hold your stomach for a few seconds when breathing in, then release when breathing out. If possible, get some fresh air in your lungs by taking a walk outside, as mentioned in a previous step.

8. Have a bottle of water by your side and make a habit of drinking some every half hour. If you do this consistently you will begin to feel more alert. Take trips to your water refilling station to refill your jug or glass, so that you can also walk around and exercise your legs at the same time.

Computer Posture: Dos and Don'ts

Sometimes the smallest adjustment to your desk environment can make a huge difference to your computer postureand consequently your level of comfort. Not only does finding the best sitting position relieve your aches and pains, it makes you more productive.

It's not easy to concentrate when you are aching and have to keep moving around to find a comfortable position.

Most companies invest considerable sums of money in ergonomic seating and chairs but even if you have the latest and most expensive model available it won't ensure that you will sit correctly.

So what can you do to ensure the best sitting position?

DO 

check the position of your screen
have your chair at the right height so your eyes are level with your screen and your knees are slightly
lower than your hip joints
let your wrists rest on the desk
have you computer in front of you
let your feet sit flat on the floor and not tucked under your chair
keep your shoulders and back relaxed
take regular breaks away from your PC


DON'T 

try to sit up straight (more below)
fix your eyes on the screen
lift your shoulders when typing or clicking the mouse
have any equipment where you need to twist
constantly to access it
collapse your neck as you read the screen
use your PC in low light conditions

GOOD  NOT SO GOOD

Compare the two photographs above. Even slight adjustments in body position will make a difference to how much stress is put upon the body. In the GOOD computer posture you will see the head is sitting directly on top of the spine and its weight (approx 4.5kgs/10lbs) is passed down to the pelvis and into the chair.

In the NOT SO GOOD computer posture, the neck has dropped forward and the weight of the head is no longer completely supported by the chair.

Because the spine is curved forward the muscles in the middle of the back are required to do more (inappropriate) work to keep the head up.

Also to look at the screen she has to pull her head slightly backwards, this over time will cause the spine to curve more. 

Improving Your Computer Posture

Because the majority of us spend so long sitting at a desk it's within our interest to focus on our sitting posture. Whilst ergonomic chairs can help, we still have to take responsibility for ourselves and not just put our faith in the furniture. Here are two useful approaches you can use.


  Are you sitting comfortably?
Taking the stress out of sitting at your PC

'Perfect Computer Posture' is available in ebook format, if you don't have a Kindle or ereader, to download to your PC for just $4.99. This very useful guide has a few unconventional ways to improve your computer posture. You probably spend many hours a day at your PC so find out how you can make it easier on your body.






Or get this guide free when you download my posture program below.


  Improve Your Posture Without Exercise.
Your posture will suffer sitting at a desk five days a week - if you sit badly.

My complete posture program contains 10 short videos, plus quick and simple techniques that you can apply whilst sitting at your desk, walking to work or during your physical activities.

There is no need to waste 30 minutes a day on posture exercises that fail to deliver long-term benefits! This program will help you unlearn the bad habits that have caused poor posture. Once you get rid of the bad habits, your posture will naturally improve on a daily basis.




Early warning signs that should not be ignored.

Any discomfort experienced at your computer is a sign you are doing something wrong. You may not be too concerned if the aches and pains you associate with sitting at your computer disappear at weekends. But prolonged periods (and we could be talking years) of sitting in a poor position will alter your posture gradually until you begin to suffer all the time.

More serious signs that require you to take instant action are tightness or numbness in your fingers, hands, wrists, elbows or shoulders. This could soon lead to upper limb disorders, also known as repetitive strain injury (RSI).

This is a difficult condition to treat successfully and in a many cases the sufferer has to change job completely to one not involving computers - not an easy career move to make in today's hi-tech world!

If you experience any of the above symptoms, talk to your Occupational Health Advisor or visit your doctor. The longer these conditions persist the harder it will be to treat.

So your computer posture can have a huge influence on not only how productive you are at work, whether you get aches or pains, but also your body shape! You probably don't want to look old before your time, but if you pay little attention to how you sit at your PC you could be rapidly attaining the stoop normally associated with old age.

Remember, you don't have to sit up straight with your chin in, shoulders back ...and all the garbage, you just have to allow your body to be poised. Not as easy as it first sounds but either try one of my programs (see below) or find an Alexander Technique Teacher in your area and try a lesson or two. You never know what you might learn.

G GURURAJA UPADHYAYA

__._,_.___

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