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Thursday, November 25, 2010

Elias Howe - The Sewing Machine

Elias Howe - The Sewing Machine

Elias Howe was the inventor of the first American-patented sewing machine.

By , About.com Guide

Elias Howe - patent drawing front view

Elias Howe - patent drawing front view.

USPTO
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INVENTOR OF SEWIMG MACHINE

Elias Howe was born in Spencer, Massachusetts on July 9, 1819. After he lost his factory job in the Panic of 1837, Howe moved from Spencer to Boston, where he found work in a machinist's shop. It was there that Elias Howe began tinkering with the idea of inventing a mechanical sewing machine.

Elias Howe - Lockstitch Sewing Machine

Eight years later, Elias Howe demonstrated his machine to the public. At 250 stitches a minute, his lockstitch mechanism outstitched the output of five hand sewers with a reputation for speed. Elias Howe patented his lockstitch sewing machine on September 10, 1846 in New Hartford, Connecticut.

Elias Howe - Competition & Patent Struggles

For the next nine years Howe struggled, first to enlist interest in his machine, then to protect his patent from imitators who refused to pay Howe royalties for using his designs. His lockstitch mechanism was adopted by others who were developing sewing machines of their own.

During this period, Isaac Singer invented the up-and-down motion mechanism, and Allen Wilson developed a rotary hook shuttle. Howe fought a legal battle against other inventors for his patent rights and won his suit in 1856.

Profits

After successfully defending his right to a share in the profits of other sewing machine manufacturers, Howe saw his annual income jump from three hundred to more than two hundred thousand dollars a year. Between 1854 and 1867, Howe earned close to two million dollars from his invention. During the Civil War, he donated a portion of his wealth to equip an infantry regiment for the Union Army and served in the regiment as a private.

Wednesday, November 24, 2010

Invention of the typewriter.

Photo: Pre-electric Typewriter
By Mary Bellis
Christopher Latham Sholes(1819-1890)
Sholes was a U.S. mechanical engineer who invented the first practical modern typewriter, patented in 1868. Sholes invented the typewriter with partners S. W. Soule and G. Glidden, that was manufactured (by Remington Arms Company) in 1873. He was born February 14, 1819 in Mooresburg, Pennsylvania, and died on February 17, 1890 in Milwaukee, Wisconsin.
Before the computer, the typewriter may have been the most significant everyday business tool. Christopher Latham Sholes and his colleagues, Carlos Glidden and Samuel Soulé, invented the first practical typewriting machine in 1866. Five years, dozens of experiments, and two patents later, Sholes and his associates produced an improved model similar to today's typewriters.
The type-bar system and the universal keyboard were the machine's novelty, but the keys jammed easily. To solve the jamming problem, another business associate, James Densmore, suggested splitting up keys for letters commonly used together to slow down typing. This became today's standard "QWERTY" keyboard.

The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 2001

The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 2001
Leland H. Hartwell
Tim Hunt
Sir Paul M. Nurse

Leland H. Hartwell

Tim Hunt

Sir Paul M. Nurse

The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 2001 was awarded jointly to Leland H. Hartwell, Tim Hunt and Sir Paul M. Nurse "for their discoveries of key regulators of the cell cycle".

Tuesday, November 23, 2010

Did you know?

DID YOU KNOW?
Tin cans are often described as 'hermetically sealed'.
The word hermetic comes from Hermes Trismegitus, the Egyptian god Thoth, who is reputed to have invented a magic seal that keeps a vessel airtight.
Thje hermetically sealed can was invented in 1810 by a British merchant Peter Durand. His cans were so thick they had to be hammered open! An Englishman, Thamas Kensett patented the process in 1825 and in America more than a century later in 1957, the first aluminium can appeared.

The History of the Bicycle

The History of the Bicycle
Bicycle History


Bicycle ridersBy Mary Bellis
Engraving: Bicycle riders circa 1869
Bicycle History in Debate
Some history books will state that Pierre and Ernest Michaux, the French father and son team of carriage-makers, invented the first bicycle during the 1860s. Historians now disagree and there is evidence that the bicycle is older than that. However, historians do agree that Ernest Michaux did invent the modern bicycle pedal and cranks in 1861.
Baron Karl Drais von Sauerbronn - Early Bicycles
The German Baron Karl Drais von Sauerbronn invented the "Laufmaschine" or "Running Machine", a type of pre-bicycle. The steerable Laufmaschine was made entirely of wood and had no pedals; a rider would push his/her feet against the ground to make the machine go forward. Sauerbronn's bicycle was first exhibited in Paris on April 6, 1818. The celerifere was another similar early bicycle precursor invented in 1790 by Frenchmen, Comte Mede de Sivrac, however, it had no steering.

The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 2006

The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 2006
Andrew Z. Fire
Craig C. Mello

Andrew Z. Fire

Craig C. Mello

The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 2006 was awarded jointly to Andrew Z. Fire and Craig C. Mello "for their discovery of RNA interference - gene silencing by double-stranded RNA"

Monday, November 22, 2010

Chewing gum health and well - | Spreading knowledge in health-care abroad

Chewing gum health and well - | Spreading knowledge in health-care abroad

Chewing gum health and well -

The author / Jiang Hanzhong


If you want to suppress your appetite, improve their memory, you can go to exercise, eat healthy food, you can also feel sleep point. These practices are good, but beyond that, you can also chew a sugar-free gum.U.S. CNN site reported that chewing gum should not be prohibited in schools thing. United States Baylor College of Medicine researchers in Houston, Texas, 108 eighth-grade students conducted a survey of mathematics learning. The researchers will be divided into two groups of students, tracking the 14 weeks. A group of students do their homework and exams, when chewing gum while the other group did not chew gum. The results surprising. Students chewing gum in the standard math test scores than those who do not chew gum than 3 percent of students. Chewing gum final score of students than students who did not chew gum good.
Nutrition Department of Pediatrics at Baylor College of Medicine Lecturer, Craig Johnston, Ph.D. led the study. He said: "Chewing gum is the potential for students to learn to play simple tools." He reported that the teachers were also occasionally found that students who chewed gum break less attention is more focused, quiet longer.
Of chewing gum in generating satisfaction to curb the desire for certain foods more and more aspects of the results of these studies the role of chewing gum have added new evidence for this. Louisiana State University researchers in 115 people who regularly chewed gum were investigated. Researchers to these subjects to provide lunch, lunch before and after the measurement of the extent of their desire for food. The results showed that after lunch hour chewing gum three times a person to eat less high-calorie snacks. Chewing gum were also reported that their hunger with the desire for sweet foods are weakened.
Led the study of physiological psychologist Paula Gai Sohrman Ph.D., said: "In general, we have fast-food intake reduced the 40-60 calories. Mouth munching things can inhibit our appetite. "So chewing gum will be the next fashion phenomenon? Nutritionists and doctors are studying how chewing gum helps to health.
However, the New York University nutritionist Maliangnai Schuster, Ph.D., said such studies is to sell chewing gum. But Nesztl acknowledged that there might be a little chewing gum, since chewing gum is not the heat, "If the right people to eat things that help, that would be good."
Another American Dental Association said on its website: "20 minutes after a meal chewing gum will help to prevent tooth decay. Chew the physiological behavior of the saliva produced in the mouth will be washed off the surrounding gum acidic substances and bacteria, thereby protecting the teeth. "In addition to prevention of tooth decay, the independent study found that chewing gum also help to reduce the symptoms of acid reflux disease. Saliva flow will be produced in the stomach acid effect.
Earlier, there is evidence that chewing gum will increase cerebral blood flow 25%, but no one can explain the increased blood flow will have any effect on cognition. As for the food, the U.S. Mayo Clinical Medical Center, a study says that people on the jaw by chewing movements per hour to burn 11 calories.
U.S. Ohio Cleveland Clinic Head and Neck Medical College, director of research, Dr. Michael Benninger, said: "In general, chewing gum with little drawback." Benninger said chewing gum is different from smoking, side effects minimal. "However, some people may be should not be chewing gum, such as the jaw joint and muscle disorders and chronic tension headache patients, and then there is the night-time bite the people who are not suitable for chewing gum."
April 24, 2009

Saturday, November 20, 2010

The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 2002

The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 2002

Sydney Brenner, H. Robert Horvitz, John E. Sulston

Sydney Brenner
H. Robert Horvitz
John E. Sulston

Sydney Brenner

H. Robert Horvitz

John E. Sulston

The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 2002 was awarded jointly to Sydney Brenner, H. Robert Horvitz and John E. Sulston "for their discoveries concerning 'genetic regulation of organ developme and programmed cell death.

The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 2003




Paul C. Lauterbur
Sir Peter Mansfield

1)Paul C. Lauterbur

2)Sir Peter Mansfield

The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 2003 was awarded jointly to Paul C. Lauterbur and Sir Peter Mansfield "for their discoveries concerning magnetic resonance imaging"

The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 2003

The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 2003

The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 2003