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Tuesday, December 28, 2010

Ambulances...History of

Ambulance History


St John AmbulanceDuring the Crusades of the 11th Century, the Knights of St John received instruction in first-aid treatment from Arab and Greek doctors. The Knights of St John then acted as the first emergency workers, treating soldiers on both sides of the war of the battlefield and bringing in the wounded to nearby tents for further treatment. The concept of ambulance service started in Europe with the Knights of St John, at the same time it had also become common practice for small rewards to be paid to soldiers who carried the wounded bodies of other soldiers in for medical treatment.
The Surgeon-in-Chief of the French Grand Army, "Baron Dominiquie Larrey" created the first official army medical corp. in 1792. Trained attendants with equipment moved out from the field hospitals to give first-aid to the wounded on the battlefield and/or carried them back by stretcher, hand-carts and wagons to the field hospitals.
Motorized ambulance vehicles have been in use since the beginning of the 20th century. In the 1950s the United States pioneered helicopter-ambulances during the Korean War. In 1968, St Vincent's Hospital in New York City started the first mobile coronary care unit.

Galileo Galiliei...Invention of the thermoneter

What is a Thermometer?
Thermometers measure temperature, by using materials that change in some way when they are heated or cooled. In a mercury or alcohol thermometer the liquid expands as it is heated and contracts when it is cooled, so the length of the liquid column is longer or shorter depending on the temperature. Modern thermometers are calibrated in standard temperature units such as Fahrenheit or Celsius.


Early History
The first thermometers were called thermoscopes and while several inventors invented a version of the thermoscope at the same time, Italian inventor Santorio Santorio was the first inventor to put a numerical scale on the instrument. Galileo Galilei invented a rudimentary water thermometer in 1593 which, for the first time, allowed temperature variations to be measured. In 1714, Gabriel Fahrenheit invented the first mercury thermometer, the modern thermometer. Thermometer
At the start of the seventeenth century there was no way to quantify heat.
Santorio Santorio
Santorio invented several instruments, a wind gauge, a water current meter, the "pulsilogium," and a thermoscope, a precursor to the thermometer. Santorio was the first to apply a numerical scale to his thermoscope, which later evolved into the thermometer.

Dieting; Have a good breakfast

Heart Healthy Breakfast Ideas

Heart Healthy Breakfast Ideas

Food is our fuel. The breakfast is the most important meal of the day. We can fuel our body with healthy food to give a rejuvenating start to our day. Many scientific studies have proved beyond doubt that a healthy breakfast is the key to good health. Good breakfast boosts our energy, increases the attention span and provides enough calories to start our day successfully. If we skip breakfast we can experience short attention span, low blood sugar, low productivity at work, and lack of alertness and all these things further deteriorate our overall quality of life.
Still most of us skip breakfast. Sometimes we think that skipping breakfast will help in reducing weight. But the truth is exactly the opposite. If we eat a nutritious and balanced breakfast we will feel full and satiated for a long time. The breakfast will kick start our metabolism and more calories will be burnt translating into weight loss. Feeling of satiation will prevent us from snacking at odd hours. We can derive the above stated benefits only when we eat a balanced meal in the morning.
A nutritious breakfast can take good care of your heart too. All you have to do is choose your food carefully. Your breakfast should contain high fibers, good cholesterol and it should be low in fat and bad cholesterol. This will keep your heart healthy.
A Quaker oats meal incorporates most of the good qualities of a breakfast. Quaker oats are whole grain food. They are high in fibers and low in fat. Most nutritionists tell you to eat fresh fruits in the morning. You can add fresh fruits to your Quaker oats breakfast to enhance both its value and taste. Repeated studies have shown that eating a high-fiber breakfast can also help in lowering the cholesterol level. Even the American Heart Association (AHA) recommends the same. According to the AHA we should include about 25-30 grams of fiber each day from whole grains, fruits, vegetables, and legumes in our food. So when it comes to heart-healthy breakfasts, follow the simple habits mentioned above. When you buy packaged food try to develop a habit of reading labels.
You can start your day’s first meal with Quaker oats as one of the cornerstones of a heart-healthy diet. It has high fibers and can be prepared in no time since most of us are rushed in the morning. Oatmeal consists of soluble fibers that keep the cholesterol level low. Quaker oats are low in saturated fat too so all the more reason to include it into your healthy heart breakfast.

Mother Theresa

MOTHER TERESA

1979 Nobel Peace Prize Laureate
    Leader of the Order of the Missionaries of Charity
Excerpt from the Nobel Peace Prize acceptance speech
    "I choose the poverty of our poor people. But I am grateful to receive (the Nobel) in the name of the hungry, the naked, the homeless, of the crippled, of the blind, of the lepers, of all those people who feel unwanted, unloved, uncared-for throughout society, people that have become a burden to the society and are shunned by everyone."
Background
  • Aug 27, 1910 - Sep 5, 1997
  • Maiden name: Agnes Gonxha Bojaxhiu
  • Place of Birth: Skopje, Yugoslavia (what is now Macedonia)
  • Residence: Calcutta, India
  • Biographical highlights:
    • 1928 - went to India and taught at a convent school in Calcutta
    • 1937 - took her final vows
    • 1948 - left the convent to work alone in the slums; received some medical training in Paris
    • 1950 - the Missionaries of Charity (Mother Teresea's sisterhood) started
    • 1952 - House for the Dying opened
    • 1957 - the Missionaries of Charity started work with lepers and in many disaster areas of the world
    • 1971 - awarded the Pope John XXIII Peace Prize
    • 1979 - awarded Nobel Peace Prize

Nobel Prize winners for Medicine and Physiology..1985

Michael S. Brown
Joseph L. Goldstein

Michael S. Brown

Joseph L. Goldstein

The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1985 was awarded jointly to Michael S. Brown and Joseph L. Goldstein "for their discoveries concerning the regulation of cholesterol metabolism"