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Thursday, January 27, 2011

The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1904

Ivan Petrovich Pavlov

Ivan Petrovich Pavlov

The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1904 was awarded to Ivan Pavlov "in recognition of his work on the physiology of digestion, through which knowledge on vital aspects of the subject has been transformed and enlarged".

Alphabetical list of Inventions and thir inventors

INVENTIONYEARINVENTORCOUNTRY
aerosol can1926Erik RotheimNorway
air conditioning1902Willis Haviland CarrierUS
airbag, automotive1952John HetrickUS
airplane, engine-powered1903Wilbur & Orville WrightUS
airship1852Henri GiffardFrance
alphabetc. 1700–1500 BCSemitic-speaking peopleseastern coast of Mediterranean Sea
American Sign Language1817Thomas H. GallaudetUS
animation, motion-picture1906J. Stuart BlacktonUS
answering machine, telephone1898Valdemar PoulsenDenmark
aspartame1965James SchlatterUS
aspirin1897Felix Hoffmann (Bayer)Germany
assembly line1913Henry FordUS
astrolabec. 2nd century
AstroTurf1965James M. Faria, Robert T. WrightUS
audiotape1928Fritz PfleumerGermany
automated teller machine (ATM)1968Don WetzelUS
automobile1889Gottlieb DaimlerGermany
baby food, prepared1927Dorothy GerberUS
bag, flat-bottomed paper1870Margaret KnightUS
Bakelite1907Leo Hendrik BaekelandUS
ball bearing1794Philip VaughanEngland
balloon, hot-air1783Joseph & Étienne MontgolfierFrance
bandage, adhesive1921Earle DicksonUS
bar code1952Joseph WoodlandUS
barbed wire1874Joseph Glidden US
barometer1643Evangelista TorricelliItaly
battery, electric storage1800Alessandro VoltaItaly
beerbefore 6000 BCSumerians, BabyloniansMesopotamia
bicycle1818Baron Karl de Drais de SauerbrunGermany
bifocal lens1784Benjamin FranklinUS
bikini1946Louis RéardFrance
blood banklate 1930sCharles Richard DrewUS
blow-dryer1920Racine Universal Motor Co., Hamilton Beach Manufacturing Co.US
bomb, atomic1945J. Robert Oppenheimer, et al.US
bomb, thermonuclear (hydrogen)1952Edward Teller, et al.US
boomerangc. 15,000 years agoAboriginal peoplesAustralia
Braille system1824Louis BrailleFrance
brassiere (bra)1913Mary Phelps JacobUS
bread, sliced (bread-slicing machine)1928Otto Frederick RohwedderUS
buttonc. 700 BCGreeks, EtruscansGreece, Italy
buttonhole13th centuryEurope
calculator, electronic hand-held1967Jack S. KilbyUS
calculus1680sSir Isaac Newton and Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz (invented separately)England and Germany (respectively)
calendar, modern (Gregorian)1582Pope Gregory XIIIItaly
camcorder1982Sony Corp.Japan
camera, motion picture1891Thomas Alva Edison, William K.L. DicksonUS
camera, portable photographic1888George EastmanUS
can, metal beverage1933American Can Co.US
can opener1858Ezra J. WarnerUS
candlec. 3000 BCEgypt, Crete
canning, food1809Nicolas AppertFrance
carbon-14 dating1946Willard F. LibbyUS
cardboard, corrugated1871Albert JonesUS
cards, playingc. 10th centuryChina
cash register1879James RittyUS
cat litter1947Edward LoweUS
catalog, mail-order1872Aaron Montgomery WardUS
cellophane1911Jacques E. BrandenbergerSwitzerland
celluloid1869John Wesley HyattUS
cement, portland1824Joseph AspdinEngland
cereal flakes, breakfast1894John Harvey KelloggUS
chewing gum (modern)c. 1870Thomas AdamsUS
chocolatec. 3rd–10th centuryMaya, AztecsCentral America, Mexico
chronometer1762John HarrisonEngland
clock, pendulum1656Christiaan HuygensThe Netherlands
clock, quartz1927Warren A. MarrisonCanada/US
cloning, animal1970John B. GurdonUK
coffee, drip1908Melitta BentzGermany
coffee, decaffeinated1905Ludwig RoseliusGermany
coinsc. 650 BCLydiansTurkey
compact disc (CD)1980Philips Electronics, Sony Corp.The Netherlands, Japan
compass, magneticc. 12th centuryChina, Europe
computed tomography (CT scan, CAT scan)1972Godfrey Hounsfield, Allan CormackUK, US
computer, electronic digital1939John V. Atanasoff, Clifford E. BerryUS
computer, laptop1983Radio Shack Corp.US
computer, personal1974MITS (Micro Instrumentation Telemetry Systems)US
concrete, reinforced1867Joseph MonierFrance
condom, latexc. 1930
contact lenses1887Adolf FickGermany
contraceptives, oralearly 1950sGregory Pincus, John Rock, Min Chueh ChangUS
corn, hybrid1917Donald F. JonesUS
correction fluid, white1951Bette NesmithUS
cotton gin1793Eli WhitneyUS
coupon, grocery1894Asa CandlerUS
crayons, children's wax1903Edwin Binney, C. Harold SmithUS
cream separator (dairy processing)1878Carl Gustaf Patrik de LavalSweden
credit card1950Frank McNamara, Ralph Schneider (Diners' Club)US
crossword puzzles1913Arthur WynneUS
DDT1874Othmar ZeidlerGermany
defibrillator1952Paul M. ZollUS
denturesc. 700 BCEtruscansItaly
detector, metallate 1920sGerhard FisherGermany/US
detector, home smoke1969Randolph Smith, Kenneth HouseUS
diamond, artificial1955General Electric Co.US
diapers, disposable1950Marion DonovanUS
digital videodisc (DVD)1995consortium of international electronics companiesJapan, US, The Netherlands
dishwasher1886Josephine CochraneUS
DNA fingerprinting1984Alec JeffreysUK
doughnut (ring) or donut1847Hanson Crockett GregoryUS
door, revolving1888Theophilus von KannelUS
drinking fountainc. 1905–1912Luther Haws, Halsey W. Taylor (invented separately)US
dry cleaning1855Jean Baptiste JollyFrance
dynamite1867Alfred NobelSweden
elastic, fabricc. 1830Thomas HancockUK
electric chair1888Harold P. Brown, Arthur E. KennellyUS
electrocardiogram (ECG, EKG)1903Willem EinthovenThe Netherlands
electroencephalogram (EEG)1929Hans BergerGermany
electronic mail (e-mail)1971Ray TomlinsonUS
elevator, passenger1852Elisha Graves OtisUS
encyclopediac. 4th century BC or 77 ADSpeusippus (compliation of Plato's teachings) or Pliny the Elder (comprehensive work)Greece or Rome
engine, internal-combustion1859Étienne LenoirFrance
engine, jet1930Sir Frank WhittleUK
engine, liquid-fueled rocket1926Robert H. GoddardUS
engine, steam1698Thomas SaveryEngland
escalator1891Jesse W. RenoUS
eyeglasses1280sSalvino degli Armati or Alessandro di SpinaItaly
facsimile (fax)1842Alexander BainScotland
fiber optics1955Narinder S. KapanyIndia
fiberglass1938Owens Corning (corp.)US
film, photographic1884George EastmanUS
flashlight, battery-operated portable1899Conrad HubertRussia/US
flask, vacuum (Thermos)1892Sir James DewarScotland
food processor1971Pierre VerdonFrance
foods, freeze-dried1946Earl W. FlosdorfUS
foods, frozenc. 1924Clarence BirdseyeUS
Fresnel lens1820Augustin-Jean FresnelFrance
fuel cell1839William R. GroveUK
genetic engineering1973Stanley N. Cohen, Herbert W. BoyerUS
Geiger counter1908Hans GeigerGermany
glassc. 2500 BCEgyptians or PhoeniciansEgypt or Lebanon
glass, safety1909Édouard BénédictusFrance
greeting card, Christmas1843John Callcott HorsleyEngland
guillotine1792Joseph-Ignace GuillotinFrance
guitar, electric1941Les PaulUS
gunpowderc. 10th centuryChina or Arabia
hanger, wire coat1903Albert J. ParkhouseUS
helicopter1939Igor SikorskyRussia/US
holography1948Dennis GaborHungary
hypodermic syringe1853Charles Gabriel PravazFrance
in vitro fertilization (IVF), human1978Patrick Steptoe, Robert EdwardsUK
inkc. 2500 BCEgypt, China
insulin, extraction and preparation of1921Sir Frederick Grant Banting, Charles H. BestCanada
integrated circuit1958Jack S. KilbyUS
Internet1969Advanced Research Projects Agency (ARPA) at the Dept. of DefenseUS
iron, electric1882Henry W. SeelyUS
irradiation, food1905US/UK
jeans1873Levi Strauss, Jacob DavisUS
JELL-O (gelatin dessert)1897Pearle B. WaitUS
jukebox1889Louis GlassUS
Kevlar1965Stephanie KwolekUS
Kool-Aid (fruit drink mix)1927Edwin E. PerkinsUS
laser1958Gordon Gould and Charles Hard Townes, Arthur L. Schawlow (invented separately)US
laundromat1934J.F. CantrellUS
lawn mower, gasoline-poweredc. 1940Leonard GoodallUS
Legolate 1940sOle Kirk ChristiansenDenmark
light bulb, incandescent1879Thomas Alva EdisonUS
light bulb, fluorescent1934Arthur ComptonUS
light-emitting diode (LED)1962Nick Holonyak, Jr.US
linoleum1860Frederick WaltonUK
lipstick, tube1915Maurice LevyUS
liquid crystal display (LCD)1963George Heilmeier US
lock and keyc. 2000 BCAssyriansMesopotamia
locomotive1829George StephensonEngland
longbowc. 1000Wales
loudspeaker1924Chester W. Rice, Edward W. KelloggUS
magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)early 1970sRaymond Damadian, Paul LauterburUS
margarine1869Hippolyte Mège-Mouriès France
matches, friction1827John WalkerEngland
metric system of measurement1795French Academy of SciencesFrance
microphone1878David E. HughesUK/US
microscope, compound opticalc. 1600Hans & Zacharias JansenThe Netherlands
microscope, electron1933Ernst RuskaGermany
microwave oven1945Percy L. SpencerUS
miniature golfc. 1930Garnet CarterUS
mirror, glassc. 1200VenetiansItaly
missile, guided1942Wernher von BraunGermany
mobile home1919Glenn H. CurtissUS
money, paperlate 900sChina
Monopoly (board game)1934Charles B. DarrowUS
Morse code1838Samuel F.B. MorseUS
motor, electric1834Thomas DavenportUS
motor, outboard1907Ole EvinrudeNorway/US
motorcycle1885Gottlieb Daimler, Wilhelm MaybachGermany
mouse, computer1963–64Douglas EngelbartUS
Muzak1922George Owen SquierUS
nail, constructionc. 3300 BCSumeriansMesopotamia
necktie17th centuryCroatia
neon lighting1910Georges ClaudeFrance
nuclear reactor1942Enrico FermiUS
nylon1937Wallace H. CarothersUS
oil lamp1784Aimé ArgandSwitzerland
oil well1859Edwin Laurentine DrakeUS
pacemaker, cardiac1952Paul M. ZollUS
paperc. 105Ts'ai LunChina
paper clip1899Johan VaalerNorway
paper towel1931Arthur ScottUS
parachute, modern1797André-Jacques GarnerinFrance
parking meter1932Carl C. MageeUS
particle accelerator1929Sir John Douglas Cockcroft, Ernest Thomas Sinton WaltonIreland/UK
pasteurization1864Louis PasteurFrance
pen, ballpoint1938Lazlo BiroHungary
pencil1565Conrad GesnerSwitzerland
periodic table1871Dmitry Ivanovich MendeleyevRussia
personal watercraft, motorized1968Bombardier, Inc.Canada
petroleum jelly1870sRobert ChesebroughUS
phonograph1877Thomas Alva EdisonUS
photocopying (xerography)1937Chester F. CarlsonUS
photography1837Louis-Jacques-Mandé DaguerreFrance
photography, instant1947Edwin Herbert LandUS
Play-Doh1956Noah W. & Joseph S. McVickerUS
plow, steel1836John DeereUS
pocket watchc. 1500Peter HenleinGermany
polyethylene1935Eric Fawcett, Reginald GibsonUK
polygraph (lie detector)1921John A. LarsonUS
polyvinyl chloride (PVC)1872Eugen BaumannGermany
Post-it Notesmid-1970sArthur Fry (3M)US
potato chips1853George CrumUS
printing press, movable typec. 1450Johannes GutenbergGermany
Prozac1972Ray W. Fuller, Bryan B. Molloy, David T. WongUS
radarc. 1904Christian HülsmeyerGermany
radio1896Guglielmo MarconiItaly
radio, carearly 1920sWilliam P. LearUS
rayon1884Louis-Marie-Hilaire Bernigaud, count of ChardonnetFrance
razor, electric1928Jacob SchickUS
razor, safetyc. 1900King Camp GilletteUS
reaper, mechanical1831Cyrus Hall McCormickUS
record, long-playing (LP)1948Peter Carl GoldmarkUS
refrigerator1842John GorrieUS
remote control, television1950Robert AdlerUS
respiratorc. 1955Forrest M. BirdUS
revolver1835–36Samuel ColtUS
Richter scale1935Charles Francis Richter, Beno GutenbergUS
rifle, assault1944Hugo SchmeisserGermany
roller coaster1884LeMarcus A. ThompsonUS
rubber, vulcanized1839Charles GoodyearUS
rubber band1845Stephen PerryUK
saccharin1879Ira Remsen, Constantin FahlbergUS, Germany
saddle (riding) c. 200 BCChina
safety pin1849Walter HuntUS
satellite, successful artificial earth1957Sergey Korolyov, et al.USSR
satellite, communications1960John Robinson PierceUS
saxophone1846Antoine-Joseph SaxBelgium
Scotch tape1930Richard Drew (3M)US
scuba gear1943Jacques Cousteau, Émile GagnanFrance
seat belt, automotive shoulder1959Nils Bohlin (Volvo)Sweden
sewing machine1841Barthélemy ThimonnierFrance
shoelaces1790England
silicone1904Frederic Stanley KippingUK
skateboard1958Bill & Mark RichardsUS
skates, ice1000 BCScandinavia
skates, roller1760sJoseph Merlin Belgium
ski, snowc. 2000–3000 BCSweden, Finland, Norway
skyscraper, steel-frame1884William Le Baron JenneyUS
slot machine1890sCharles FeyUS
snowmobile1922Joseph-Armand BombardierCanada
soap600 BCPhoeniciansLebanon
soft drinks, carbonated1772Joseph PriestleyUK
sonar1915Paul LangevinFrance
stamps, postage1840Sir Rowland HillUK
stapler1866George W. McGillUS
steamboat, successful1807Robert FultonUS
steel, mass-production1856Henry BessemerUK
steel, stainless1914Harry BrearleyUK
stereo, personal1979Sony Corp.Japan
stereophonic sound recording1931Alan Dower BlumleinUK
stethoscope1819René-Théophile-Hyacinthe LaënnecFrance
stock ticker1867Edward A. CalahanUS
stove, electric1896William HadawayUS
stove, gas1826James SharpUK
straw, drinking1888Marvin StoneUS
submarine1620Cornelis DrebbelThe Netherlands
sunglasses1752James AyscoughUK
sunscreen1944Benjamin GreenUS
supermarket1930Michael CullenUS
synthesizer, music1955Harry Olson, Herbert BelarUS
synthetic skin1981Ioannis V. Yannas, John F. BurkeUS
tampon, cotton1931Earle Cleveland HaasUS
tank, military1915Admiralty Landships CommitteeUK
tea bagearly 1900sThomas SullivanUS
teddy bear1902Morris MichtomUS
Teflon1938Roy PlunkettUS
telegraph1832–35Samuel F.B. MorseUS
telephone, wired-line1876Alexander Graham Bell Scotland/Canada/US
telephone, mobile1946Bell LaboratoriesUS
telescope, optical1608Hans LippersheyThe Netherlands
television1923, 1927Vladimir Kosma Zworykin, Philo Taylor FarnsworthRussia/US, US
thermometer1592GalileoItaly
thermostat1830Andrew UreUK
threshing machine1778Andrew MeikleScotland
tire, pneumatic1888John Boyd Dunlop UK
tissue, disposable facial1924Kimberly-Clark Co.US
tissue, toilet1857Joseph GayettyUS
toaster, electric1893Crompton Co.UK
toilet, flushc. 1591Sir John HaringtonEngland
toothbrush1498China
tractor1892John FroehlichUS
traffic lights, automatic1923Garrett A. MorganUS
transistor1947John Bardeen, Walter H. Brattain, William B. ShockleyUS
typewriter1868Christopher Latham SholesUS
ultrasound imaging, obstetric1958Ian DonaldUK
vaccination1796Edward JennerEngland
vacuum cleaner, electric1901Herbert Cecil BoothUK
Velcro1948George de MestralSwitzerland
vending machinec. 100–200 BCEgypt
Viagra1997Pfizer Inc.US
video games1972Nolan BushnellUS
videocassette recorder1969Sony Corp.Japan
videotape1950sCharles GinsburgUS
virtual reality1989Jaron LanierUS
vision correction, laser1987Stephen TrokelUS
washing machine, electric1907Alva J. FisherUS
wheelabout 3500 BCproto-Aryan people or SumeriansRussia/Kazakhstan or Mesopotamia
wheelbarrow1st century BCChina
wheelchair1590sSpain
windmill644Persia
winebefore 4000 BCMiddle East
World Wide Web1989Tim Berners-LeeUK
wristwatch, digital1970John M. BergeyUS
X-ray imaging1895Wilhelm Conrad RöntgenGermany
Zamboni (ice resurfacing machine)1949Frank J. ZamboniUS
zipper1893Whitcomb L. Judson US
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